Canadian Breed Standard

The Bullmastiff is a product of this century but combines, in predetermined proportions, the bloods of two ancient British breeds: the Bulldog and the Mastiff. The breed was developed to fill a specific need and was generally known as "the gamekeepers's nightdog", a name descriptive of the Bullmastiff's job.

Poaching game on large estates in Britain was an age-old trick, but at the end of the 19th century to be caught poaching carried the death penalty. Such lawbreakers went well-armed to their job and would rather risk killing the gamekeeper than be caught. The keeper's job became a dangerous one indeed, especially at night. What was needed was a dog to warn him of poachers and, if need be, help him in a fight. A dog, in fact, combining the best qualities of both the Bulldog and the Mastiff.

The specifications were laid down. The ideal nightdog should be more agile and faster than the Mastiff; and like the Bulldog a silent worker aggressive enough to attack on command, able to throw and hold a man without mauling or biting him. By melding these two breeds in the proportion of sixty percent Mastiff, forty percent Bulldog, the "gamekeeper's nightdog" was created; christened appropriately the Bullmastiff.

Such a cross was not a new idea. It had been used to produce guard dogs on the continent which bear a strong resemblance to the British creation, especially the Dogue de Bordeaux. Similar dogs may have existed in Britain, but this was the first time breeders worked to stabilize the cross and seek official recognition of the new breed. Prime mover in this effort was Mr. S.F. Mosley. A breed club was formed and in 1924 The Kennel Club (England) gave official recognition to the Bullmastiff on condition that only dogs with three generations of pure breeding behind them could be registered. There was to be no more crossing to the parent breeds.

In addition to fighting off armed poachers, the Bullmastiff has been used successfully as a police and army dog and as a guard dog by diamond companies in South Africa.

The breed made its debut on this continent in 1931 where it is now a frequent, although not large, entry at most dog shows.

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Official Canadian Breed Standard for the Bullmastiff

Note: Faults are classified as Serious or Minor, as indicated as (S) or (M) respectively. Note the minor faults are either points which would not themselves contribute to unsoundness in the dog or are the results of poor conditioning, which might be controlled and are not likely to be hereditary.

Origin and Purpose: The Bullmastiff was developped in England by gamekeepers for protection against poachers. The foundation breeding of the modern pure-bred was 60 per cent Mastiff and 40 per cent Bulldog. It is a guard and companion dog and should be loyal, obedient and thus suitable for training.

General Appearence: The Bullmastiff is a powerfully built, symmetrical dog, showing great strength and activity, but not combersome; upstanding and compact in appearance, with sturdy, well boned legs. The height measured vertically from the ground to the highest point of the withers should nearly equal the lenght measured horizontally from the forechest to the rear part of the upper thigh and should slightly exceed the height at the hips. Bitches are feminine in appearence, of somewhat lighter bone structure than the male but should still convey strength. Faults: (S) Lack of balance. Poor or light bone structure. (M) Lack of muscular development. Ranginess.

Temperament: The Bullmastiff should be bold, fearless and courageous, a dependable guard dog; alert and intelligent. Faults: (S) Viciousness. Shyness. (Such dogs should not be used for breeding) (M) Apathy and sluggishness.

Size: Height at the highest point of the withers - Dogs, 25-27 inches (63-69 cm); Bitches, 24-26 inches (61-66 cm).
Weight - Dogs, 110-130 lb. (50-59 kg); Bitches, 100-120 lb. (45-55 kg). It is important that weight be in proportion to height and bone structure, to ensure balance. Faults: (S) Over maximum height. Under minimum height. (M) Over maximum weight. Under minimum weight.

Coat and Colour: Coat short and dense, giving good weather protection. Faults: (S) Long, soft coat. (M) "Staring" coat, which means poor condition.
Colour: any shade of red, fawn or brindle, but the colour to be pure and clear. A small white marking on chest permissible but not desirable. Faults: (S) White markings other than on chest. (M) Black shading on body, legs or tail (of reds and fawns).

Head: The skull should be large, equal in breadth, length and depth, with a fair amount of wrinkle when the dog is interested; well-developed cheeks. The skull in circumference may measure the height of the dog. Forehead flat, with furrow between the eyes. Stop definite. Faults: (S) Narrow skull. Shallow skull. (M) Domed forehead. Insufficient stop. Muzzle should be short, broad and deep, in the same proportion as the skull. The distance from the tip of the nose to the stop should not exceed one-third of the lenght from the tip of the nose to the centre of the occiput. Broad under the eyes and nearly parallel in width to the end of the nose; blunt and cut off square, appearing in profile in a plane parallel to the line of the skull. A black mask is essential. The nose should be black, flat, and broad with widely spreading nostrils when viewed from the front. Flews not too pendulous. The lower jaw broad. Faults: (S) Muzzle too long, too narrow, pointed, upturned or laid back; lower jaw narrow. (M) Lack of wrinkles; flews too pendulous.
Teeth peferably level bite or slightly undershot. Canine teeth large and set wide apart; other teeth strong, even and well placed. Faults: (S) Teeth overshot. Teeth more than 1/4 inch (.6cm) undershot. Wry mouth. (M) Irregular or poorly placed teeth. Small teeth.
Eyes dark or hazel, and of medium size; set apart the width of the muzzle. (M) Light eyes. Eyes too close together, too large, too small. Ears V-shaped and carried close to the cheeks; set on wide and high, level with the occiput, giving a square appearance to the skull which is most important. They should be darker in colour than the body, and the point of the ear, when alert, should be level with the eye. Faults: (S) Rose ears. (M) Ears too long or too short. Lack of darker colour.

Neck: Well arched of moderate lenght, very muscular, and almost equal in circumference to the skull. Faults: (S) Neck too short; too long. Neck weak and scrawny.

Forequarters: Proper angulation and proportionate bone lengths of the forequarters are very important. The shoulder bone should slope forward and downward from the withers at an angle of 45 degrees from the vertical. The humerus (upper arm) should form a right angle with the shoulder bone, 45 degrees from the vertical. The shoulder bone and humerus should be approximately equal in length. The length of the foreleg from the ground to the elbow should be a little more than half the distance from the ground to the withers, approximately 52 per cent. The shoulders and upper arms should be muscular and powerful, but not overloaded. Forelegs powerful, with round heavy bone, vertical and parallel to each other, set well apart; elbows set close to the body. Pasterns straight and strong. Feet of medium size, not turning in or out, with rounded toes, well arched. Pads thick and tough. Nails black. Faults: (S) Lack of proportion in bone. Shoulder too steep. Shoulders overloaded. Elbows turned in or out. Lack of bone in forelegs. Forelegs bowed. Weak pasterns. Splay feet. (M) Feet turned in or out. White nails. 

Body and Tail: Body compact. Chest wide and deep, with ribs well sprung and well set down between the forelegs. Back short and level. Loins wide, muscular; croup slightly arched, with fair depth of flank. Faults: (S) Body too long. Shallow chest. Narrow chest. Lack of ribspring. Sway back. Roach back. Tip of hip bone higher than withers. (M) Too much tuck-up.
Tail set on high, strong at the root and tapering to the hocks. It may be carried straight or curved. Faults: (S) Screw tail. Crank tail. Tail set too low. (M) Tail carried hound fashion. Too long. Too short. Too heavily coated.

Hindquarters: It is important that structure , angulation, and proportionate bone lengths of the hindquarters be in balance with the forequarters. The pelvis (hip bone) should slope backward and downward from the spine at an angle of 30 degrees. The femur (upper thigh bone) should form a right angle with the pelvis. The lower thigh bone (stifle) should set at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. The pelvis and femur should be approximately equal in length. The ratio of the lengths of the femur, to the tibia/fibula, to the hock should be approximately as 4:5:3. The length of the lower leg, from the ground to the hock joint, should be a little less than 30 per cent of the distance from the ground to the top of the hip bones. The lower leg should be vertical to the ground. The hips should be broad, in balance with shoulders and rib cage. Hind legs strong and muscular, with well-developed second thighs, denoting power and activity, but not cumbersome, set parallel to each other and well apart, in balance with forelegs and body. Feet as in forequarters. Faults: (S) Lack of proportion in bone. Poor angulation at hip bone. Narrow hip structure. Stifle too straight or over-angulated. Cow-hocks. Bowed hind legs. Splay feet. (M) Feet turned in or out. White nails.

Gait: The gait should be free, balanced and vigorous. When viewed from the side the dog should have good reach in the forequarters and good driving power in the hindquarters. The back should be level and firm, indicating good transmission from rear to front. When viewed from the front (coming toward) or from the rear (going away), at a moderate pace, the dog shall track in two parallel lines, neither too close together nor too far apart, so placed as to give a strong well-balanced movement. The toes (fore and hind) should point straight ahead. 

Direction to Exhibitors and Judges

The dog should be moved in the ring at a sufficient speed to show fluidity of movement and not at a slow walk. Faults: (S) Rolling, padding or weaving when gaited. Any crossing movement, either front or rear. Stilted and restricted movement. (Dogs with structural weakness as evidenced by poor movement should not be used for breeding).

Disqualifications

Liver mask. No mask. Yellow eyes.

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